Part I: How to use JConsole
by tonny.xu on Aug.09, 2007, under Java Tech
JConsole是一个JDK中提供的JVM监视与管理的工具，主要是通过JMX来提供监视与管理。
默认情况下，JVM是不启动JMX服务，并提供被监视与被管理的能力的，必须在启动Java程序之前，在Java [opt] [app]中指定JMX的服务。JConsole提供本地和远程的两种监管方式，远程又可以分为直接监视，另外一种是通过JMX的服务器来管理。
根据目前我的需要，我举一个很简单的远程监管例子。因为JConsole本身也要耗费一定的资源，所以用远程方式是比较推荐的。
首先启动JConsole：
（因为在日文系统中，所以显示的为日文）
选择下面的Remote Access，输入host:portNumb的格式，另外输入用户名和密码，用户名和密码存储在<JAVA_HOME>/lib/management目录下，将jmxremote.password.template 复制为management.jmxremote.password（如果需要可以将文件的只读属性打开）。注意：这个文件是放在JRE的lib目录下。修改过以后的内容大致如下：
######################################
# File permissions of the jmxremote.password file
######################################
# …monitorRole 333
controlRole 333
另外，默认情况下，SSL是被打开的，需要在被监视的机器上生成相应的SSL证书。在Java中可以使用keytool来生成，具体步骤如下：
- 在命令行输入 keytool -genkey
- 其次输入 keytool -certreq 来生成一个签名过的证书
- 将证书导入 keytool -import
- KeyTool具体的用法参考下面两个链接： (Solaris and Linux) (Windows).
- 以上第一个命令会产生一个.keystore的文件，保存在c:\documents and setting\<username>\.keystore
其中第三条将需要你将第二步生成的CSR文件提交给VeriSign这样公司验证，然后返回给你一个可以使用CER证书，然后在Import，我们主要目的是为了体验JConsole，所以这一步我们就略过。所以我们设定不使用SSL，具体设置如下：
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
注意：这两行将使用非认证，非SSL的情况，在真实的服务器上要小心，很容易留下漏洞的。
在Windows系统下，如果你将Tomcat安装为服务模式，则可以在右下角Tray 图标中点击配置Tomcat，可以在例如下图的属性中配置，非常的简单：
如果不使用Windows系统，则需要在Catalina.bat中改写Java运行的参数。
改完了Tomcat的配置，启动Tomcat。
在远程机器上点击JConsole的连接即可。JConsole的具体使用以及分析下次继续。
——————————————————-
JMX 的配置主要在Java程序启动的时候使用，这里重新整理了一下，更加清晰易懂一些：
方法1： 最简单的方式：不用密码，不用SSL
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=<define a random port>
方法2： 使用密码，不用SSL
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=../conf/jmxremote.password
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=../conf/jmxremote.access在$CATALINA_BASE/conf/目录下添加jmxremote.password文件，并添加下面两行：
monitorRole <Your password>
controlRole <Your password>在$CATALINA_BASE/conf/目录下添加jmxremote.access文件，并添加下面两行：
monitorRole readOnly
controlRole readWrite
这两种方法是最简单的，并且第二种方法具有一定的安全性。具体可以参考Tomcat的文档：Monitoring
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