老贴整理3：J2SE 1.5版本的新特性一览
by tonny.xu on May.15, 2004, under Java Tech
J2SE 1.5版本的新特性一览
到了2003的年末，J2SE1.5的beta版本就将发布了。这次发布和现在已经发布的J2SE1.4的两个更新1.4.1和1.4.2都如2003年的JavaOne大会预期的发布。如果你没有参加这次大会，或者想重新回顾一下，那么下面就是这次大会的简要内容。
J2SE 1.4.1 and 1.4.2 Releases
当1.4.1（开发代号?Hopper?）在2002年9月发布以及它的后续版本1.4.2（开发代号?Mantis?）在2003年1月如期发布的时候，已经修复了超过4000个的bug，并且还在继续的修复中。
在J2SE1.5的新特性中，将添加一些众人期待已久的功能，比如对Itenium CPU的完全支持；Swing的用户将看到两个全新的内建Look & Feels，一个是Windows XP风格，一个GTK风格；同时启动时间上也有改进。
在服务器端的增强主要包含了两个新增的GC，一个并行标记清扫算法（concurrent mark and sweep algorithm）和类似年轻空间收集（parallel young space collector）。这两个新的GC能通过编译的参数来调用：-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC 和 -XX:+UseParallelGC。
接下来，如何运用这些参数来调整系统的最佳性能就是我们在J2SE1.5中需要学习和理解的了。
J2SE 1.5 Release
J2SE 1.5（开发代号?Tiger?）是Java平台和语言上的一个重要修改，目前主要包括了15个JSR的请求和其他一些类似的更新。这次的Release主要关注于几个关键的主题：主要是品质，监视和管理，性能和可扩展性，轻松的开发以及桌面客户端。
Ease of Development（轻松的开发）
你可能已经听到过了关于减轻开发难度而做的Java语言上的修改。这次J2SE根据JSR的要求实现以下几个JSR：JSR 201 包含了4个修改；JSR 175的核心是支持元数据（metadata），而JSR 14则规范了泛型。
元数据功能提供了声明式的开发，并且取代了一些工具的代码生成和维护功能。泛型提升了无需手动转型（manual casting）的代码复用，通常manual casting都会带来类型安全性上的一些问题。
另外的四个修改分别是：
用for循环来遍历容器（Collection 类型），而不需要显式的声明容器的迭代器（Iterator）;
枚举类型提供了超越类似final static int的，增强的类型安全性；
当在泛型中使用基本数据类型（Primitive Types）的时候提供自动装箱（autoboxing）功能（原来的泛型中是不能使用基本类型的）；
引入了静态常量（static constants）类改进显式的共享一个静态数据；
为了实现轻松的开发，除了语言上的修改之外，还有一些额外的东西，比如一些怀念printf函数的会发现它又回来了；一个新的并发工具（在JSR 166中提及）将使得多线程编程变的更加简单轻松。
Scalability and Performance（可扩展性和性能））
J2SE 1.5版本将承诺改进可扩展性和性能，尤其是在启动时间和内存印记（memory footprint）上，将使得用户能以最快的速度发布一个应用程序。从JSR 163上将实现内建的性能工程（Performance ergonomics）和个功能强劲的API profile工具。
Monitoring and Manageability（监视和管理））
监视和管理是Tiger中的一个主要特性。那些在J2EE平台上使用JMX的开发者将非常开心的看到这样的特性能在J2SE中实现。通过对JVM的监视，将允许对已发布的应用程序健康性的完全检查，包括对底层内存泄漏检测，错误处理甚至是API 堆栈跟踪（stack trace）的监视。
Core XML Support（核心的XML支持））
J2SE 1.5的介绍被修改为XML的核心平台，表示Java的核心API将包括了XML1.1，SAX 2.0和DOM Level3。Web service方面的API，JAX-RPC，和JAXB将继续出现在Web Service的包中，在以后的新版本中这些API将被添加到核心API中去。
Desktop Client（桌面客户端））
最后一个重点的新特性是桌面客户端。这将带来几个内建的新的Look & Feels支持，并且增强了对皮肤（skins）的支持。除了启动速度和内存印记的增强，桌面开发者又多了几个值得期待的新特性。
Unicode 3.1 Support（对Unicode 3.1的支持））
32位的代理字符（surrogate character）支持将会很谨慎的添加到新的版本中，所以1.5版本将仍然使用16位的char类型。
New IO Support（新的IO支持））
新版本将提供对异步IO的支持，并且支持在平台中适当的地方开拓更深入的使用这些API。
有了J2SE 1.4.2和J2SE1.5，Java的开发者们将拥有一个激动人心的一年。
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